T 0658/95 (Granular compositions/PROCTER & GAMBLE) 11-03-1998

Reasons for the Decision

1. The appeal is admissible.

2. The Board is satisfied that the contested patent, in its amended form, meets the requirements of Article 123(2) and (3) EPC and that the claimed subject-matter is novel in view of the two citations. Since this was not contested, no detailed reasoning needs to be given.

3. Inventive step

3.1. The Appellant submitted that not document (1) but document (2) represents the closest state of the art.

3.1.1. Document (1) describes granular detergent compositions which have satisfactory solubility in the laundering solution (page 1, lines 13 to 17, and page 17, lines 21 and 22) and which contain, besides a non-phosphorus containing detergency builder and polymeric material, 5 to 50% by weight of a detergent surfactant and a water-soluble silicate material (page 2, line 19 to page 3, line 3). Document (1) also teaches that the dried granules contain from 3 to 15% by weight of water (page 3, lines 17 to 19) and not more than 4.5% by weight of the silicate material (page 3, lines 9 and 10, and page 12, second paragraph). Furthermore, in the experimental part it is shown that detergent compositions containing 24.6, 25 or 28.7% by weight of a mixture of sodium C12 or C13 lower alkyl benzene sulfonates and sodium C14-15 alkyl sulfates (ratio 2.3/1 or 1/1) and 2.5% by weight of sodium silicate have a satisfactory solubility (compositions A-D in example I and compositions B-D in example II), whereas such compositions containing 14.2% by weight of sodium silicate are less soluble (high silicate comparison in example II).

3.1.2. Document (2) teaches that granular detergent compositions having a powder density of not more than 450g/l and containing 35 to 50% by weight of sodium C10-14 alkyl benzene sulfonate or a mixture thereof with sodium C10-20 alkyl sulfate, 5 to 25% by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate, 5 to 25% by weight sodium aluminosilicate, 5 to 20% by weight of a sodium silicate having a SiO2 : Na2O ratio of 1.5:1 to 3.6:1 and 8 to 15% by weight of water (page 4, lines 3 to 26, and page 5, lines 16 to 25), are suitable for manual washing and have an increased grain strength without influencing the solubility (page 1, lines 4 to 9, page 2, lines 3 to 6, and page 10, lines 25 to 29).

3.1.3. It is the established jurisprudence of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO that the closest prior art is selected from the available prior documents disclosing subject-matter concerning the same purpose as the claimed invention. In the present case, both cited documents and the patent in suit are concerned with granulates containing a surfactant mixture of alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl sulfates. Document (1), however, is concerned with satisfactory soluble granular detergent compositions containing a non-phosphorus detergent builder material, whereas document (2) is concerned with detergent granulates containing 5 to 25% by weight of phosphorus containing detergency builder, namely sodium tripolyphosphate (see page 4, line 9). Since the solubility properties of detergent granulates containing a non-phosphorus detergent builder material are not comparable with those containing a phosphorus detergent builder, as may be derived, for example, from the teaching in the second and third paragraph on page 1 of document (1), and since the patent in suit is concerned with detergent compositions containing a non-phosphate detergent builder, the Board considers that document (1) represents the most relevant prior art.

3.2. According to the patent in suit, mixtures of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate are desired for optimum detergency performance, but such mixtures tend to gel on contact with water, which can result in poor solubility of granules having high levels of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate (page 2, lines 13 to 16)

Thus, in view of the teaching of document (1), the problem to be solved can be seen in providing granular detergent compositions which have high levels of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate and which are very soluble, as mentioned in the patent in suit, page 2, line 17 to 21, and page 3, lines 47 and 48.

3.3. The Appellant submitted that the only information about the solubility of the claimed compositions on page 7, lines 37 and 38, of the patent in suit, teaching that "When the composition of Example 1 is incorporated in said laminated laundry product, it exhibits superior solubility" (emphasis added), is not sufficient to make it credible that the above mentioned problem is effectively solved by the claimed granular detergent compositions, since this statement is only concerned with the solubility when the claimed compositions are incorporated in a laminated laundry product and since no additional solubility data were provided. This view was contested by the Respondent.

The Board, however, does not see why the solubility of the claimed granular detergent compositions would be different when the granules as such are brought into contact with water than when they are first incorporated in a laminated laundry product. Even more, it is unlikely that, in order to be available as a detergent, the solubility requirements of granules directly brought into contact with water are more critical than when they are incorporated in a laminated product. According to the patent in suit, the claimed granular detergents are so composed that they are "very soluble in the wash water even though they contain high levels of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants" (see page 3, line 47 to page 4, line 8).

Since the Appellant has not substantiated his assertion that a good solubility has not been credibly shown, it must be pointed out that it is consistent jurisprudence of the Boards of Appeal that in such a situation, ie where the Board is unable to establish the facts of its own motion, this is to the detriment of the party that relies on an unsubstantiated allegation. In the present case, the onus of proof is clearly on the opponent and not on the patentee (eg T 219/83 OJ EPO 1986, 211, Reasons No. 12). Therefore, the Board accepts that the claimed compositions effectively solve the problem described herein-above.

3.4. Consequently, the question arises whether, in the light of the teaching of document (1), a skilled person, trying to solve the technical problem set out in point 3.2. above, would have arrived at the claimed granular detergent compositions, and more particularly whether he would have been led to compositions containing 30 to 60% by weight of a surfactant mixture as defined in Claim 1 and alkali metal silicate in a weight ratio of 2.0:1 to 4.0:1.

Thus, in assessing inventive step, it is to be decided whether such skilled person would have incorporated at least 7.5% by weight of an alkali metal silicate in a composition containing 30 to 60% by weight of a surfactant mixture as defined in Claim 1.

3.5. Document (1) is concerned with detergent compositions containing not more than 4.5% by weight of an alkali metal silicate (page 1, lines 13 to 17, and page 12, lines 13 to 16) and it further teaches in the paragraph bridging pages 1 and 2 that an increased silicate level enhances silicate polymerisation during drying, resulting in the formation of unacceptable levels of insoluble silicates, which may deposit on fabrics.

Therefore, the Board finds that a skilled person looking for detergent compositions showing the required solubility would have been discouraged by the teaching of document (1) to increase the amount of alkali metal silicate above 4.5% by weight and, consequently, the claimed compositions were not suggested by the teaching of document (1), taken alone.

3.6. Thus, the question arises whether the claimed compositions were obviously derivable from the teaching of document (1) in combination with the teaching of document (2).

As already pointed out under point 3.1 above, this document concerns detergent compositions which must contain 5 to 25% sodium tripolyphosphate and which do not necessarily lead to the solubility problems arising when using non-phosphorus detergent builders. Although it was known from document (2) that granular detergent compositions having high levels of anionic surfactant and alkali metal silicate in a weight ratio of from 2.0:1 to 4.0:1 have a good solubility, this document concerns exclusively compositions containing at least 5% of sodium tripolyphosphate. It is silent about the function of sodium silicate in the detergent compositions and does not specifically mention mixtures of C11-C13 alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant and C12-C15 alkyl sulfate surfactant in a weight ratio of from 4:1 to 1:4. Furthermore, this document is completely silent about the problem that such mixtures tend to gel on contact with water.

Therefore, the Board finds that only with hindsight can it be considered that a skilled person looking to avoid the formation of a gel when contacting granular detergent compositions containing high levels of alkyl benzene sulfonates and alkyl sulfates in a weight ratio of 4:1 to 1:4, in the presence of substantial amounts of phosphorous-containing builders, would have taken the content of document (2) into consideration.

Therefore, the Board comes to the conclusion that, starting from the compositions described in document (1) as the most relevant prior art, a skilled person would have had no incentive to take the teaching of document (2) into consideration. Consequently, the claimed compositions were not obviously derivable from the combined teaching of documents (1) and (2).

3.7. Since the Appellant consistently used a different starting point for challenging inventive step, the Board finds it necessary to point out that the outcome of the assessment of inventive step would not have been different if the teaching of document (2) had been considered as the most relevant prior art, because,

(i) in view of document (2), the problem to be solved would have been the provision of non-phosphorous builder containing detergent compositions also containing surfactant mixtures of alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl sulfates combining optimum detergency with the avoidance of the formation of gel on contact with water, thus providing good solubility;

(ii) in document (2) there is no hint either to select a mixture of C11-C13 alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant and C12-C15 alkyl sulfate surfactant in a weight ratio of sulfonate surfactant to sulfate surfactant of from 4:1 to 1:4 as being a surfactant mixture having optimum detergency, nor to combine the surfactant mixture with an alkali metal silicate in a weight ratio of 2.0:1 to 4.0:1 in order to avoid the formation of gel upon contact of the surfactant with water;

(iii) in document (1) it was clearly taught that increased silicate levels enhance silicate polymerisation during drying, resulting in the formation of insoluble silicates; and

(iv) therefore, it was not obviously derivable from the teaching of document (2), taken alone or in combination with the teaching of document (1), that the claimed granular detergent compositions would combine optimum detergency with good solubility, resulting from the fact that the formation of gel upon contact with water is avoided.

3.8. Claims 2 to 5, which represent preferred embodiments of Claim 1, and Claim 6, which concerns a laminated laundry product containing a composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, derive their patentability from that of Claim 1.