J 0010/93 (Transfer) 14-06-1996

Reasons for the Decision

1. According to Article 20(1) EPC the Legal Division is responsible for decisions in respect of entries in the Register of European patents, in particular entries concerning the transfer of rights over a European patent application (see Rule 92(1)(w) EPC). It was therefore competent to decide on the appellants' request for recording the transfer of the patent application referred to above.

However, the Legal Division did not only decide on this request but also dealt with the appellants' application for re-establishment of rights which it rejected as inadmissible.

According to Article 122(4) EPC an application for restitutio in integrum shall be decided upon by the department competent to decide on the omitted act. In the circumstances of the present case, the omitted act was the applicant's failure to reply to a communication of the Examining Division issued pursuant to Article 96(2) EPC. Consequently, the department competent to decide on the application for restitutio was the Examining Division.

In dealing with this issue the Legal Division therefore exceeded its powers. This cannot be justified by any need to decide on the request for restitutio as a preliminary issue to be answered before examining the request for registering the transfer. It follows that the decision under appeal must be set aside on this ground alone and that the request for restitutio be remitted to the Examining Division for examination (see J 10/82, OJ EPO 1983, 94).

2. As regards the request for recording the transfer, the Board exercises its power within the competence of the Legal Division according to Article 111(1) EPC. The further issue to be considered is therefore whether the Legal Division was right in rejecting the appellants' request for recording the transfer of the European patent application No. 87 201 334.7.

According to the decision under appeal the patent application no longer existed on the date of the assignment and could therefore not be transferred. But even if it had been transferred on a date at which it still existed, the registration of such transfer was no longer possible since at the time the transfer documents were filed the application was already deemed to be withdrawn. Thus, the question arises whether or not a patent application can be transferred and the transfer can be registered even after deemed withdrawal thereof.

3. First, it is to be taken into consideration that deemed withdrawal of a patent application does not result in a complete and immediate loss of all the applicant's rights.

Although it is true that the grant procedure as such is terminated by a communication noting the deemed withdrawal (see G 1/90, OJ EPO 1991, 275, points 5 and 6 of the reasons), there still remains a bundle of procedural rights, as e.g. the applicant's right to apply for a decision under Rule 69(2) EPC (followed by the possibility to file an appeal having suspensive effect) and his right to avail himself of any of the legal remedies provided for in Article 121, Article 122, Rule 85a or Rule 85b EPC, as the case may be. Thus, following deemed withdrawal, there is a period of time during which the applicant is entitled to make use of his procedural rights referred to above with the aim of having his patent application restored.

It is important to note in present context that, pursuant to Article 60(3) EPC, the applicant alone is deemed to be entitled to exercise the right to the European patent for the purposes of proceedings before the European Patent Office. According to Rule 20(3) EPC a transfer shall have effect vis-à-vis the European Patent Office only when and to the extent that the transfer documents have been produced. Thus, the transfer of the patent application is a necessary precondition for any successor in title to exercise his rights vis-à-vis the EPO. However, if after deemed withdrawal such transfer were no longer possible and could not be registered, a successor, as e.g. the rightful heir of the applicant, would be prevented from exhausting the still existing procedural rights referred to above.

Moreover, it can hardly be questioned that an applicant who, after deemed withdrawal of his application, avails himself of any means of redress, e.g. by requesting a decision under Rule 69(2) EPC and filing an appeal, may transfer his application pending such proceedings.

4. The circumstances in which European patent applications may be transferred and transfers be recorded are governed by Articles 71 and 72 and Rule 20 EPC. Neither of these provisions defines a point in the procedure after which the transfer of a patent application and its recording in the Register of European Patents is no longer possible. However, in view of the observations in point 3 (supra), the Board is convinced that these provisions cannot be interpreted to the effect that any transfer of a European patent application and its registering will automatically be excluded after an event causing deemed withdrawal thereof. In contrast, as long as there remains a possibility of restoration of the application, there is a legitimate interest of the users of the EPC to have transfers recorded in the Register of European Patents.

On the other hand, the interests of the public in respect of legal security are not affected, if, at the time of recording the transfer, it is apparent from the files that suitable steps for restoring the application have been taken.

Thus, if a legal remedy is still available and the successor in title has taken, together with his request for registering the transfer, procedural steps suitable for restoring the application, the transfer and its recording in the Register of European Patents should still be allowed provided that all formal requirements were satisfied.

Similar interpretations of the corresponding national provisions were adopted in some of the Contracting States (see e.g. Benkard, Patentgesetz, 9.Aufl., §123 Rdn 48; Schulte, Patentgesetz, 4.Aufl., §123 Rdn 6; Blum/Pedrazzini, Das schweizerische Patentrecht, 2.Aufl., Art.47, Nachtrag Anm 4A).

5. In the circumstances of the present case the request for recording the transfer of the patent application and the application for re-establishment of rights were both filed on 6 May 1992, i.e. within one year following the expiry of the unobserved time limit on 9 July 1991. At the time of filing these requests restitutio in integrum pursuant to Article 122 EPC was still available (see Article 122(2) EPC, second sentence).

As an instrument of transfer the appellants filed - inter alia - exhibit 6 which does not, however, constitute a voluntary contract between the appellants and Mr Touzani but is a unilateral assignment ordered by the Superior Court in and for the County of San Joaquin, State of California, USA, signed by the clerk of the Court on behalf of Mr Touzani. Exhibit 6 does not formally comply with the requirements of Article 72 EPC, because it was not signed by both parties (cf. J 18/84, OJ 1987, 215).

However, according to the findings of the Legal Board of Appeal in case J 34/86 of 15 March 1988 (not published in the OJ EPO), an assignment constituting a unilateral transfer as ordered by a Court following proceedings in a State which is not a Contracting State to the EPC can be accepted as a basis for transferring the right to file a divisional application to the assignee, in particular, if the assignor had left free the subject matter claimed in the divisional application.

In the present case, applicant Touzani did not reply to the communications of the Examining Division nor did he make use of any legal remedy available after deemed withdrawal of the application. At the beginning of the present proceedings Mr Touzani's professional representative laid down the representation and all letters directed to Mr Touzani were returned as undeliverable. From this situation it has to be concluded that Mr Touzani indeed has left free the subject matter of his application. Under these particular circumstances the filed instrument of transfer, even if formally not in full conformity with Article 72 EPC, can be accepted as an instrument of transfer.

The conditions referred to in point 4, above, are therefore complied with and the appellants' request for recording the transfer of the European patent application No. 87 201 334.7 in the Register of European patents can be allowed.

6. The auxiliary request to refer a point of law to the Enlarged Board of Appeal (see point IV of the summary of facts and submissions) does not need considering since the point of law raised by the appellants was decided in their favour.

7. The appellants further requested reimbursement of the appeal fee under Rule 67 EPC. As set out in point 1, above, the Legal Division, in purporting to decide on the application for restitutio in integrum, ignored Article 122(4) EPC. This alone would have made it necessary to set the impugned decision aside and remit the case to the competent department. In the Board's opinion this irregularity amounts to a substantial procedural violation within the meaning of Rule 67 EPC which makes it equitable to order the reimbursement of the appeal fee (see decision J 10/82, OJ EPO 1983, 94).