T 0850/95 (Correction of decision to grant) 21-11-1995

Reasons for the Decision

1. The admissible appeal lies from the decision of the examining division refusing a request under Rule 89 EPC for correction of the decision to grant the patent.

2. This board is competent to decide on this appeal only if the requirements of Article 21(3)(a) EPC are fulfilled, ie if the decision under appeal concerns the grant of the patent.

2.1 In respect of this question, the Legal Board of Appeal has decided in J 30/94, dated 9 October 1995, that a decision refusing a request for correction under Rule 89 EPC does not concern the grant of the patent and that the Legal Board is responsible for examining the appeal under Article 21(3)(c) EPC. The fact that the request for correction relates to a decision to grant a patent does not, according to that decision, alter the competence, because what is under appeal is the decision to refuse a request for correction and not the decision to grant the patent.

2.2 In two earlier decisions the Legal Board was concerned with a request under Rule 89 EPC. In the first decision (J 12/85, OJ EPO 1986, 155), the appeal was rejected as inadmissible since the examining division had not yet rendered a decision on the request. In the second decision (J 27/86 of 3 October 1987) concerning the same application, the decision refusing the addition of a claim by way of correction was set aside for lack of reasons (Rule 68(2) EPC). These decisions did not specifically address the question of competence.

2.3 In contrast thereto, at least two technical boards have accepted their competence under Article 21(3)(a) EPC to decide on appeals against decisions refusing a request for correction under Rule 89 EPC in decisions T 546/90, dated 12 September 1991, and T 946/91, dated 17 August 1993. In T 546/90 the applicant had requested that drawings be replaced and in T 946/91 he had requested that mistakes in the definition of certain compounds be corrected. In T 546/90 the examining division used the pre-printed Form, No. 2053 for the refusal of the request which was also used in the present case. In T 946/91 the following addition was made to the pre-printed reasons on Form 2053: "All required corrections relate to errors which were in the text specified at grant. Correction under Rule 89 is not possible and Rule 88 is not relevant". In T 546/90 the correction was allowed by the board for the reason that the approval given by the applicant under Rule 51(4) EPC was not interpreted correctly (see reasons 4), without mentioning Rule 89 EPC, and in T 946/91 it was allowed on the basis of Rule 88, second sentence, EPC.

3. Considering this divergency in the case law, the board has to examine whether an answer to the question of competence can be derived from the EPC which gives an appropriate basis for following the one or the other group of decisions.

3.1 The only decision dealing expressly with the question of competence is J 30/94. The reasons given there appear, however, not to be the only possible interpretation of the law. In J 30/94 the phrase in Article 21(3)(a) EPC "the decision concerns...the grant of a European patent" has been given the same meaning as "the decision under appeal orders the grant of the European patent", with the consequence that the requirements of Article 21(3)(a) EPC were not regarded as being fulfilled and competence was based on Article 21(3)(c) EPC.

3.2 The wording of the phrase may, however, also be understood in a broader sense as meaning "the decision under appeal is related to the grant of the European patent". Starting from such an interpretation, the correction of the decision to grant can be regarded as being related to or concerned with the grant of the patent. The decision to grant is composed of several elements, eg the fact that the patent is granted, that it is granted to a certain person, that it is granted for specific designated states and that it is granted on the basis of the final version of the application (see Article 97(2) EPC). The description, claims and any drawings are not contained in the decision to grant (Form 2006); they are, however, essential elements of this decision and identified in it by reference. Otherwise, they could not be corrected by correction of the decision to grant. Any change of an essential element of the decision to grant changes the effects of the decision to grant and is therefore related to the grant. A request for correction has as its goal the amendment of the decision to grant in the same way as an appeal against the decision itself. It was, therefore, no coincidence that in case J 12/85 the amendment of the documents and the setting aside of the decision to grant were requested by the appellant on an alternative basis.

3.3 If a provision can be interpreted on the basis of its wording in different ways, the object and purpose of the provision have to be taken into consideration (G 1-6/83, OJ EPO 1985, 60, reasons 5; G 1/94, OJ EPO 1994, 787, reasons 7). In this respect, one criterion for defining the appropriate composition of the board might be whether the type of cases in question is more concerned with legal or with technical questions, since the distinction made in Article 21(3)(a) and (c) EPC shows that the legislator intended cases in which the emphasis is typically on legal questions to be dealt with by the Legal Board and cases in which the emphasis is on technical problems by the technical boards (Gori/Löden, Münchner Gemeinschaftskommentar zum EPÜ, Lfg. 18 (1995), Article 21 EPC, pt. 63). In this respect different aspects may be emphasised.

3.3.1 On the one hand, the application of Rule 89 EPC raises legal questions. It may be doubtful in which cases Rule 89 EPC and in which cases Rule 88 EPC is to be applied (see eg T 946/91, pt. 2.3 above). Furthermore, it has to be decided on which basis a correction should be allowed. In particular, it has to be defined which documents are relevant and from whose perspective an alleged mistake has to be considered (see in this respect the interpretation proposed in the Guidelines for Examination in the EPO, E-X, 10, cited in the decision under appeal).

3.3.2 On the other hand, a decision on a request for correction of a decision of an examining division may require that the board reconstructs the considerations of the examining division when taking the decision to grant. These considerations are mainly technical considerations concerning the substance of the invention. An example of such a situation may be case T 946/91.

4. Since the purpose and object of Article 21(3)(a) and (c) EPC do not give a clear answer to the question of competence, it is appropriate to have recourse to the travaux préparatoires to the EPC for further clarification (G 1-6/83, loc. cit.; G 1/94, loc. cit., reasons 8). From the preparatory work it appears that the Haertel draft for Implementing Regulations to the EPC defined the competence of the technical boards more narrowly (Doc., dated 9 April 1963, p. 9, No. 1 relating to Article 58, in: Historical Documentation relating to the EPC, Munich 1981, no English texts in the EEC phase of the preparatory work).

The wording was restricted to the final decision to refuse or to grant. It is not apparent from the travaux préparatoires why later the broader drafting "concerns the refusal ....or the grant" (in German ("betrifft die Zurückweisung ... oder die Erteilung") was chosen. Though there was a list of situations in which the Legal Board should be competent to decide (Doc., dated 9 April 1963, loc. cit., p. 9 ff.), it seems that the particular competence for appeals from a decision refusing a request for correction was never discussed. Nor is there any apparent indication that the competence of the Legal Board should be expanded or restricted in general.

5. In short, the board cannot come to an unequivocal conclusion on the interpretation of Article 21(3)(a) EPC removing the doubts raised by the relevant cited decisions. For reasons of legal certainty security, doubts in questions of competence should be avoided. In particular, the composition of a particular board to decide on an appeal should not be influenced by the first department of instance's choice of to whom the file is addressed. In the board's view, it seems appropriate that a uniform application of this important point of law be ensured by a decision of the Enlarged Board of Appeal.