BOARDS OF APPEAL
Decisions of the Legal Board of Appeal
Decision of the Legal Board of Appeal dated 7 February 1994 - J 2/93 - 3.1.1
(Translation)
Composition of the board:
Chairman: | J.-C. Saisset |
Members: | J. C. M. De Preter |
G. Davies |
Applicant: ETA S.A. Fabriques d'Ebauches
Headword: Decisions subject to appeal/ETA
Keyword: " Decisions subject to appeal"
Headnote
A letter bearing the letterhead of a Directorate-General and signed by a Vice-President of the EPO is not subject to appeal under Article 106 EPC when it is evident from its content that it does not constitute a decision and from its form that it does not emanate from any of the instances listed in Article 21(1) EPC.
Summary of facts and submissions
I. In a decision dated 25 November 1991 Board of Appeal 3.5.2 revoked the appellants' European patent No. 0 098 239 (T 456/90, not published).
II. Believing themselves entitled to a re-establishment of their right to see proceedings continued on the basis of amended claims, on 16 January 1992 the appellants filed an "application for restitutio in integrum" before the boards of appeal. On the same date they also filed a "notice of appeal" against the aforementioned decision.
III. In a letter dated 31 July 1992 the chairman of Board of Appeal 3.5.2, responsible for the administration of that board, wrote to the appellants' professional representative informing him that the application for re-establishment of rights would not give rise to any action by the board. In a subsequent letter dated 28 September 1992 the Vice-President of Directorate-General 3 informed the same representative that there was no possibility of the final decision of Board 3.5.2 being reviewed.
IV. Referring to the requests in the above letters, the appellants' professional representative wrote a letter dated 27 October 1992 to the European Patent Office, Attn. Mrs R. R., Vice-President Directorate-General 5, pointing out that the appeal fee and the fee for the application for re-establishment of rights had been refunded and that the boards of appeal considered the requests to be non-existent. He requested a meeting with the Vice-President to discuss the various possibilities open to the legal division, since the appellants felt that they were entitled to request that the date of receipt of the application for re-establishment of rights be entered in the Register of European Patents and that the entry in the same that the proceedings had been terminated by decision T 456/90 of 25 November 1991 be deleted. In her letter dated 4 November 1992 the Vice-President of Directorate-General 5 replied to the representative that no department of the European Patent Office was competent to render a decision which could be understood as calling into question the result of the appeal proceedings and that the legal division was therefore prevented from acting because it lacked the necessary competence.
On 11 November 1992 the professional representative notified the Vice-President that he was submitting the appellants' requests to the legal division.
On the same date the appellants' professional representative filed the two requests with the legal division.
In a letter dated 25 November 1992 the Vice-President of Directorate-General 5, referring to the representative's letter of 11 November 1992, reminded him of her first reply of 4 November, pointing out again that, with regard in particular to the first of the appellants' requests, there were no provisions in the European Patent Convention which provided any of the instances of the European Patent Office with the competence to make decisions or entries after a patent had been revoked (by a board of appeal) and that therefore there was no longer any competence of the legal division to take a decision.
V. On 27 January 1993 the appellants filed an appeal against "the decision of the legal division of the European Patent Office of 25 November 1992", requesting that:
- The decision of the legal division of the European Patent Office dated 25 November 1992 be cancelled.
- It be ordered that the date of receipt of the application by ETA S.A. of 16 January 1992 for re-establishment of rights be entered in the Register of European Patents.
- The matter hence be referred back to the EPO's legal division so that the date of receipt of the application by ETA S.A. for re-establishment of rights could be entered.
- It be ordered that ETA S.A., by virtue of Rule 67 of the Implementing Regulations to the EPC, be reimbursed the fee paid by them during the filing of the appeal.
A statement of grounds was filed on the same date and the appeal fee paid.
With regard to admissibility, the statement of grounds claimed that the letter of 25 November 1992 constituted a decision by the legal division as its contents bore all the characteristics of a decision. Furthermore, it had been sent by Mrs R. R., Vice-President of the legal division, who, in the appellants' view, was empowered to take decisions on behalf of the legal division.
VI. In a letter dated 2 March 1993 and signed by Mrs L.D. Ö, Director, the legal division wrote to the Chairman of the Legal Board of Appeal as follows: "Please find enclosed an appeal filed by ETA S.A. Fabriques d'Ebauches following the letter that Mrs R. sent to the above-mentioned company on 25 November 1992. There has been no interlocutory revision".
VII. In a communication dated 25 June 1993 the rapporteur informed the appellants' representative that the letter of 25 November 1992 - the subject-matter of the appeal - might not be viewed as constituting a decision by the legal division subject to appeal under Article 106(1) EPC and that the appeal might therefore be inadmissible.
VIII. In a telefax dated 25 August 1993 the appellants argued as follows:
- Whether a document emanating from the EPO constituted a decision or a communication depended on the substance of its contents, not on its form.
- The legal division was grouped together administratively with other services in Directorate-General 5, which was headed by Mrs R. R., Vice-President of the EPO, the latter thus being the direct superior of Mrs L.D. Ö, the Director of the legal division. The fact that a person performed administrative duties as Vice-President of a Directorate-General did not exclude this same person from also being a member of an instance of this Directorate-General with the authority to take decisions or to participate in the decision-making process. As a lawyer Mrs R. R. was qualified to take a decision as a legally qualified member of the legal division.
- It was clear from the exchange of letters that Directorate-General 5 had stepped in on behalf of the legal division, ruling in its stead on ETA S.A.'s entry request. This was confirmed by the legal division's subsequent actions in taking the same line on ETA S.A.'s request of 11 November 1992 and treating Directorate-General 5's letter of 25 November 1992 as "the equivalent of a proper decision, applying the procedure under Article 109 EPC".
- To rule that the appeal was inadmissible on the grounds that it did not relate to a decision emanating from the legal division proper - and one by which it would be bound - would run counter to the principle generally accepted in the contracting states and recognised by established EPO board of appeal case law that the administration must act in good faith.
- The board of appeal could not sanction a procedure that allowed the hierarchically superior authority (in purely administrative terms) to rule in place of the inferior authority, without the possibility of appeal, because only the lower authority was competent to rule on the merits (Article 20 EPC).
- Nowhere did the EPC empower Directorate-General 5, which was only an administrative entity, to intervene and rule that the legal division had no competence to issue a decision. The fact that Directorate-General 5 had exceeded its rights did not however render this appeal inadmissible as the refusal to allow the requests filed by ETA S.A. constituted a final decision which was binding on the legal division.
IX. On 17 September 1993 the appellants wrote to the President of the EPO asking him to state his position by submitting observations to the Legal Board of Appeal. In his letter of 29 September 1993 the President of the EPO, referring to Article 12a of the Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal - under which a board may, at the reasoned request of the President, invite him to present his comments - replied that he saw no justification for such a request in this particular case.
X. On 19 January 1994 the appellants submitted an analysis of the principles generally recognised by various contracting states with regard to appeals against failure or refusal to issue a decision.
XI. Oral proceedings were held on 7 February 1994, during which the appellants filed the following subsidiary requests:
1. That, in the event of the board of appeal finding that an appealable decision had not been issued, it be found that it was for the legal division to rule on the request of ETA S.A. Fabriques d'Ebauches dated 11 November 1992 that the date of receipt of their application for re-establishment of rights be entered in the Register of European Patents.
2. That the following points of law be referred to the Enlarged Board of Appeal pursuant to Article 112(1)(a) EPC:
(a) When an authority hierarchically superior to the competent department at the Office rules in that department's stead, does the decision of this authority have to be treated in the same way as a decision issued by the competent body?
(b) Under what conditions can the refusal or failure to issue a decision by a competent department of first instance of the Office be treated in the same way as a decision subject to appeal?
(c) Can an authority or an individual employee of the Office take an interlocutory decision on the admissibility or existence of proceedings which are the exclusive preserve of another department of the Office?
XII. The decision set out in the Order below was handed down at the close of oral proceedings.
Reasons for the decision
1. The board would begin by pointing out that, although the appellants filed two requests with the legal division on 11 November 1992, for the present appeal they limited their requests to the one relating to entry in the Register of European Patents of the date of receipt of an application for re-establishment of rights.
2.1 Article 21(1) EPC limits the competence of the boards of appeal to the examination of appeals from the decisions of the Receiving Section, examining divisions, opposition divisions and of the legal division, Article 106(1) EPC stating that an appeal shall only lie from decisions of these instances.
As the requirements of Article 108 are met in this case, it is sufficient, for the board to be able to rule on admissibility, to examine whether the document forming the subject-matter of the present appeal, ie the letter of 25 November 1992 bearing the letterhead "Directorate-General 5, Legal/International Affairs" and signed by Mrs R. R., Vice-President of the European Patent Office, constitutes a decision emanating from the legal division.
2.2 In terms of its content, the letter dated 25 November 1992 - the subject-matter of the appeal - would not appear to be a decision on the request to the legal division to have the date of receipt of the application for re-establishment of rights entered in the Register of European Patents. What this letter in fact represents is a continuation of an exchange of letters between the appellants' professional representative and the Vice-President of Directorate-General 5, specifically a reply to a letter from the professional representative dated 11 November 1992 announcing the filing of the said request. Furthermore, in her letter of 25 November 1992, the Vice-President of Directorate-General 5 merely reiterates the view outlined in her earlier letter dated 4 November 1992.
2.3 With regard to its origin, the appellants conceded in their statement of grounds for appeal that it was necessary for the document not only to be a decision, but also for it to have come from a competent authority. In the present case, under Article 20 EPC, the legal division is the only instance competent to issue decisions in respect of entries in the Register of European Patents, such entries being laid down by Rule 92(1) EPC or, under Rule 92(2) EPC, by the President of the European Patent Office. Of the latter, that in respect of the application in question is expressly mentioned by the Decision of the President of the European Patent Office dated 22 January 1986 (OJ EPO 1986, 61). Thus, it is precisely because of the difference of opinion between the appellants and the EPO which is evident from their exchange of letters (see IV above) that the decision with respect to the entry requested could only be taken by the legal division (see J 18/84, OJ EPO 1987, 215, reasons 2.4 and 2.5).
Furthermore, as already explained above, it is clear that the letter of 25 November 1992 is from Directorate-General 5 (Legal/International Affairs) and that it was signed by Mrs R. R. in her capacity as that Directorate-General's Vice-President.
While from the combined provisions of Article 20 and Rule 12(2) EPC the Vice-President of Directorate-General 5, a trained lawyer, would appear to be the hierarchical superior of the director of the legal division, it must be borne in mind that Rule 12(2) EPC only links Directorate-General 5 and the legal division "administratively", and not with regard to the exercise of powers and functions the EPC specifically allots to the legal division. As the documents on file attest, this distinction was not lost on the appellants. It is only necessary in this regard to refer to the fact that the letters of the appellants' representative were addressed to Mrs R. R. in her capacity as Vice-President of Directorate-General 5 (see his letters of 27 October and 11 November 1992), whereas the request of 11 November 1992 was addressed to the legal division.
3. The legal division's subsequent actions can in no way be interpreted as confirming that the Vice-President was acting on its behalf. There are no grounds for such an interpretation either in the fact that the legal division did not rule on the request of 11 November 1992 or in the content of its letter of 2 March 1993.
While the legal division had clearly not yet taken a decision at the time the appeal was filed, this could perfectly well have been because it had decided to defer its ruling for as long as the present appeal was pending. At all events the appellants never asked the legal division what its intentions were.
Nor can it be inferred from the legal division's letter of 2 March 1993 that it would have treated the letter from Directorate-General 5 of 25 November 1992 as equivalent to one of its own decisions. Indeed, in its letter the legal division does not refer to a decision, but only to the letter of 25 November 1992 - the subject-matter of the present appeal. As to the phrase "there has been no interlocutory revision", the legal division would seem to be indicating here that, as the document did not emanate from the legal division, it was sufficient for it to note that an interlocutory decision had not yet been taken. Moreover, even if the legal division had accorded the letter of 25 November 1992 the significance the appellants accord to it, this alone would be insufficient to give this letter the characteristics of a decision by the legal division.
4. From the above it follows that the letter of 25 November 1992 cannot be viewed as constituting a decision, that it does not emanate from the legal division and that it is not therefore subject to appeal under Article 106 EPC. The appeal must therefore be dismissed as inadmissible.
The request for reimbursement of the appeal fee must be refused because the appeal has not been allowed.
Moreover, once an appeal is ruled inadmissible there is no longer any need to rule on requests such as the subsidiary ones filed by the appellants. In addition, with regard to the second subsidiary question in particular, the above reasons and considerations show that an answer to the points of law raised would have no bearing on the present appeal. The board must conclude that as matters stand the request of 11 November 1992 for the date of an application for re-establishment of rights to be entered in the Register of European Patents is still pending before the legal division.
Order
For these reasons the board:
1. declares that the appeal is inadmissible;
2. decides that there is no need to rule on the subsidiary requests;
3. concludes that the request of 11 November 1992 is still pending before the legal division;
4. refuses the request for reimbursement of the appeal fee.