T 2264/18 (Record medium for multi-angle video/PHILIPS) 17-03-2021

Procedural matters

1. The appellant stated by a letter dated 4 May 2021 that the application was withdrawn "unconditionally". However, since the decision had been announced at the oral proceedings held on 17 March 2021 and thereby became effective on that day, the appeal proceedings are terminated (T 843/91 of 17 March 1993, OJ EPO, 1994, 818, point 10 of the reasons). Given that by virtue of the board's decision the refusal became final and no appeal lies from decisions of the boards, the appellant's submission made after the announcement of the board's decision is without any legal effect.

Furthermore, a statement of withdrawal of the application made by the (sole) appellant after the final decision of the board has been announced at oral proceedings does not relieve the board of its duty to issue and notify to the appellant the decision in writing setting out the reasons for the decision (T 1033/04, point 3 of the reasons; T 1518/11, point 2 of the reasons).

Since the withdrawal is without any legal effect and the written decision has to be issued, the appellant is not entitled to the reimbursement of the appeal fee at 25% under Rule 103(4)(b) EPC.

Application

2. The present invention concerns the problem of changing angle in a multi-angle movie stored in a recording medium such as a Blu-Ray Disc (BD) (see the application as filed, page 1, lines 13 to 18; page 6, lines 11 to 14; page 7, lines 21 to 27).

2.1 In the prior-art recording method described on pages 2 to 5, a movie may contain multiple alternative versions of a moving picture (e.g. the same scene from different angles), the graphics pictures (e.g. for French and German subtitles) and the audio signals (e.g. for English and French spoken text), the contents being stored in elementary streams (page 2, lines 10 to 26; page 3, lines 10 to 22). A combination of multiple streams (e.g. moving pictures, graphics and audio) can be transported in one transport stream, each transport stream being stored as a separate file (page 2, lines 27 to 29).

In multi-angle video, the user is given the possibility to change the viewing angle during presentation. In order to conveniently support that, a well-known DVD-video standard provides for an interleaved recording of the different transport streams. This is illustrated in Figure 1, which shows the contents of a portion of a track of a record carrier where a movie is recorded in three different viewing angles. Each transport stream is divided into relatively small transport stream pieces, indicated as angle blocks AB. The angle blocks of the different transport streams are interleaved in one stream. A combination of three angle blocks forms an interleaved unit IU (page 4, lines 9 to 33; Figure 1).

According to the description, in the prior-art method changing viewing angles is only allowed at the borders of the angle blocks. The length of the angle blocks is a trade-off between the conflicting requirements. Increasing the length of the angle blocks is advantageous in order to (b.1) fill the buffer and support seamless presentation during an entire jump, (b.2) reduce the jump frequency and (b.3) decrease the size of the file system tables. Decreasing the length of the angle blocks is desirable in order to (b.4) reduce the jump distance during normal play and (b.5) reduce the reaction time between a user pressing a selection button and the system starting to display the new angle (page 5, line 9, to page 6, line 8).

2.2 In order to address that, the present invention supports changing angles at predefined locations, called entry points, within the angle blocks. The entry points may be indicated in a table in a memory of the disc drive or in entry point information blocks of the video streams. Such a table indicates the locations in the information streams of each angle for the same instant (time stamp). Each entry point coincides with the beginning of a group of pictures (GOP). According to the description, the invention solves problems (b.1) to (b.3) without introducing problem (b.5) (page 6, lines 11 to 24; page 9, line 21, to page 10, line 6; page 13, line 29, to page 14, line 7).

2.3 In one embodiment of the invention, when a user gives a command to change viewing angle, displaying of video data from the video buffer and reading of a current angle block from disc and storage into the video buffer continues until the next entry point, and then the optical head jumps to the corresponding entry point of the new angle of the same interleaved unit. Reading to the video buffer is resumed at the new angle as from this entry point. As soon as the data of the current angle block is fully displayed, the new angle block is displayed (page 11, lines 15 to 33; Figures 6a to 6c).

Second auxiliary request

3. Inventive step - claim 1

3.1 The board is still of the opinion, as it expressed in its communication pursuant to Article 15(1) RPBA 2020, that the application acknowledges on pages 2 to 5 of the application as filed (which correspond to those of the international publication) that the non-characterising features of claim 1 are known in combination from the prior art (see also point 2.1 above). This was not contested by the appellant.

3.2 Claim 1 further specifies the following features:

(a) for providing seamless presentation, alternative pluralities of at least two entry points are defined for said alternative video portions, each respective entry point corresponding to a respective location within said alternative video portions where it is possible to start reading and decoding the video stream from a respective playtime instant without needing information from previous locations,

(b) entry points that correspond in each of the alternative pluralities correspond to same-time locations in each of the alternative video portions, which same-time locations correspond to the same playtime instant, and

(c) information is recorded which defines the entry points in one or more predefined storage locations of the recording medium.

In the board's view, the distinguishing features are essentially that multiple entry points are provided within an alternative video portion and that the new entry points are at same-time locations which are corresponding between alternative video portions.

3.3 Features (a) to (c) solve the technical problem of supporting seamless angle change closer to the point in time in which the user commands the system to change angle. This is similar to the technical problem attributed by the appellant to the use of multiple entry points within an alternative video portion, which the appellant formulated as "how to reduce the time required to perform an angle change".

3.4 The appellant argued that at the priority date of the present application there was an inherent underlying acceptance that changing angle could only be done between angle blocks. The skilled person would have no motivation to change this. The skilled person, who was unimaginative by nature, would take document D1 for inspiration but would have found no reasons for using entry points in the way claimed.

3.5 The board does not find these arguments convincing. The skilled person would be motivated by the technical problem formulated above to search for a solution for seamless presentation other than the angle blocks.

In the board's opinion, the skilled person facing that problem would have considered introducing further entry points for angle changes in addition to the borders of the angle blocks. Since it was well known that a video stream could be decoded and displayed starting from the beginning of GOPs, it would have been straightforward to use the beginning of some GOPs as entry points. A video stream can be read and decoded from the beginning of a GOP without needing information from previous locations.

The skilled person would have implemented that solution of using the beginning of some GOPs as additional entry points in a similar way to that used for angle blocks in the acknowledged prior-art recording medium, which included the borders of corresponding angle blocks at same-time locations corresponding to the same playtime instance in the alternative video portions and recording information defining those borders of the angle blocks in predefined storage locations of the recording medium.

The board further notes that the skilled person would have immediately recognised that seamless presentation of the video upon angle change would only be possible if the beginning of the GOPs used as entry points in alternative video portions corresponded to the same playtime instant.

Therefore, the skilled person would have arrived at features (a) to (c) without requiring inventive skills.

4. In view of that, the subject-matter of claim 1 of the second auxiliary request is not inventive over the acknowledged prior-art recording medium, when taken in combination with the common general knowledge (Article 56 EPC).

Third auxiliary request

5. Claim 1 of the third auxiliary request differs from claim 1 of the second auxiliary request in that it no longer mentions "providing seamless presentation" and in that it specifies that each alternative video portion comprises a plurality of groups of pictures, and each entry point corresponds to the beginning of a GOP.

6. Admittance of the request into the proceedings

6.1 The third auxiliary request was filed within the period specified in the board's communication pursuant to Article 15(1) RPBA 2020 and in response to the board's preliminary opinion, which for the first time assessed inventive step of the claimed invention starting from the prior art acknowledged in the application. These are exceptional circumstances which justify admitting the request under Article 13(2) RPBA 2020. Therefore, the board admits the third auxiliary request into the appeal proceedings.

7. Inventive step - claim 1

7.1 Deleting the reference to "providing seamless presentation" does not improve the case for inventive step. In the acknowledged prior-art method, alternative video elementary streams also consist of groups of pictures. In addition, as explained in the inventive-step assessment for the second auxiliary request, it would be obvious for the skilled person faced with the technical problem formulated in point 3.3 above, and based on their common general knowledge, to use the beginning of a GOP as an entry point.

7.2 Therefore, the amendments do not render the subject-matter of claim 1 inventive, and the third auxiliary request does not meet the requirements of Article 56 EPC.

Fourth auxiliary request

8. Admittance of the request into the proceedings

8.1 The fourth auxiliary request was filed during the oral proceedings and hence in a late phase of the already advanced stage of the appeal proceedings referred to in Article 13(2) RPBA 2020. In accordance with this provision, the request shall in principle not be admitted into the appeal proceedings unless there are exceptional circumstances which have been justified with cogent reasons by the appellant.

8.2 The appellant argued that the fourth auxiliary request should be admitted because it was based on claim 6 of the second auxiliary request which was already on file. The amendments limited the claim so that the board's arguments and interpretation no longer applied. The discussion of the acknowledged prior art in the board's preliminary opinion was difficult to understand and it was thus unclear what exactly the position of the board would be.

8.3 The board disagrees with the appellant's justification.

While claim 1 of the higher ranking requests were directed to a "Method for recording an information stream ...", claim 1 of the fourth auxiliary request concerns a "Method for reading a recording medium ..." and includes additional features, such as steps a), c) to g) and i), with no correspondence to features of claim 1 of the higher ranking requests (see sections VIII. to X. above). Before the oral proceedings, the appellant had not submitted such a request and had not relied on those additional features for defending its case. For the sake of procedural efficiency, the RPBA sets limits on when such amendments can still be filed in appeal proceedings.

Moreover, it was clear from the board's preliminary opinion that the acknowledged prior art was considered a valid starting point for assessing novelty and inventive step. In point 4.1 of the board's communication, the board summarised the acknowledged prior-art recording medium as described on pages 2 to 5 of the application as filed. In points 6, 6.1, 6.2, 9.4, 13, 13.1, 13.2 and 13.3 the board explained that the subject-matter of claim 1 of the requests then on file seemed to lack novelty (points 6, 6.1, 6.2, 9.4) or inventive step (points 13 to 13.3) when taking into account that acknowledged prior art. Points 13 to 13.3 provided a problem-solution reasoning for claim 1 of the second auxiliary request, assuming that all characterising features were distinguishing features. The board concluded in point 14 that "the subject-matter of claims 1 to 4 of the second auxiliary request does not seem to be inventive over the acknowledged prior-art recording medium, when taken in combination with the common general knowledge or document D1".

The appellant had the opportunity to file with its letter of response new claims and arguments addressing those objections, and chose to file the third auxiliary request (which the board admits into the proceedings) and address only the argumentation based on document D1.

Therefore, the board does not recognise the presence of any exceptional circumstances which would justify admitting the request at such a late stage.

8.4 In view of this, the board, in accordance with Article 13(2) RPBA 2020, does not admit the fourth auxiliary request into the appeal proceedings.

Final conclusion

9. The second and third auxiliary requests are not allowable and the fourth auxiliary request is not admissible. Since there are no further requests on file, the appeal is to be dismissed.